Aphrodisias in Late Antiquity 2004
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Bishops of Aphrodisias/Stauropolis
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| Document Contents |
| Metropolitan See of Caria |
| Aphrodisias |
| Stauropolis |
| Stauropolis/Caria |
| Caria |
| Stauropolis |
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Metropolitan See of Caria
The fundamental list of
the bishops of Aphrodisias is still that by Le Quien, in his Oriens Christianus of 1740, 900-4. R.
Janin published two articles in the Dictionnaire
d'histoire et géographie ecclésiastique, one under Aphrodisias (drawn largely from Le Quien) and one
under Caria; each includes a different list of bishops, with some overlaps.
Seals of bishops of Aphrodisias have been published by V. Laurent, Le Corpus des sceaux de l'empire byzantin v.
1 (Paris, 1963), 377-8; by G. Zacos and A.Veglery, Byzantine lead seals (Basel, 1972) and by John Nesbitt,
publishing the seals found during the current excavations, DOP 37 (1983), 159-64. Nesbitt has shown how the name of the see
developed: the new name, Stauropolis, introduced probably in the early seventh
century (see discussion at VI.49), remained in use only until the mid or late
eighth century: from then on the term Caria became standard. It can be seen,
however, from the evidence set out below, that in the thirteenth century — that
is, just when Caria was finally lost to the empire — the term Stauropolis came
back into use in the titulature of the metropolitans. This would seem to
suggest that 'Caria' was the name used by the local inhabitants, and
adopted from their usage by the metropolitans, who reverted to the formal
terminology when they were no longer in communication with the local
population.
Aphrodisias
325
| Ammonius,
attends Council of Nicaea: E. Honigmann, Byzantion 14 (1939), 38; discussion at II.20.
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381
| Eudoxius
(or, in a variant reading. Ecdicius), attends Council of Constantinople: Mansi
iii. 571.
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431-449
| Cyrus,
attends Councils at Ephesus in 431 and 449 : A. Crabbe, JTS 32 (1981) 373 no. 28, 383 no. 30; E. Honigmann, Byzantion 16 (1940), 34 no. 10):
mentioned in a law of 436 (CTh II.1.37;
see discussion at IV.3).
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451
| Critonianus,
attends Council of Chalcedon: E. Honigmann, Byzantion 16 (1940) 51; see discussion at IV.3.
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c.488
| Nonnus
received a letter from Peter, Patriarch of Alexandria 482-9, about the affair
of Asclepiodotus: Zacharias 36, with discussion
at V.17).
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?Before 518
| ?Julian:
Theophanes 154. 9; but see discussion at V.25.
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518
| Euphemius,
monophysite, exiled by Justin I: text 60 and discussion at V.25.
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553
| Severianus,
attends Fifth Ecumenical Council at Constantinople: Mansi ix. 390; E. Chrysos, Die Bischofslisten des V. ökumenischen
Konzils (Bonn, 1966), 101.
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(558-576)
| Paul,
alternative, monophysite bishop; see discussion at VI.39.
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(576-7,582)
| Deuterius,
alternative, monophysite bishop; see discussion at VI.39.
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Sixth century
| Orthagoras,
undertakes building work at Aphrodisias: text 90 and discussion at VI.36.
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Fifth-Seventh century
| Theopropius,
buried at Aphrodisias: texts 165, 166
and discussion at IX.35.
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Stauropolis
680
| Theodore,
attends Sixth Ecumenical Council, at Constantinople: PBE I, Theodoros 30.
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692
| Sissinius,
attends Council 'In Trullo', Constantinople: PBE I, Sisinnios 9.
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Eighth century, before 730, or 787-815
| Eustathius:
Zacos-Veglery 1351, with Nesbitt p.159; PBE
I, Eustathios 32.
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Stauropolis/Caria
787
| Theophylact,
deacon and exarch, locum tenens for the metropolitan. attends Second Council of
Nicaea: Mansi xii. 998, 1091; xiii. 137, 365; J. Darrouzès, REB (1975), 45; see also Nesbitt p. 160; PBE
I, Theophylaktos 20.
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Caria
Eighth century
| Michael;
two seals found at Aphrodisias: Nesbitt 1; PBE I, Michael 98.
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| ?Ephraim, hymnographer,
'of Caria': Emereau, EO 22 (1923), 421.
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Ninth century
| Sergius: Laurent 514, Zacos-Veglery 2982; PBE I, Sergios 32
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Ninth century, first half
| Nicephorus, receives 3
letters from Ignatius the Deacon, c. 825-40;
PBE I, Nikephoros 70
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Before 861, and after 869.
| Theodore; PBE I, Theodoros 175.
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878, 3 March
| Nicephorus attends 6th
session of Photian synod: Mansi xviia, xviiia, 513b.
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Tenth century
| Joseph; seal found at
Aphrodisias: Nesbitt 2; also Laurent 515.
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| Michael; seal found at
Aphrodisias: Nesbitt 3; also Laurent 516, 517.
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997, 21 February
| John signs tome of
Patriarch Sissinius: Patr.Reg. 804, from Rhalles-Potles
v.19.
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Late tenth/early eleventh century
| ?Leo the Deacon,
historian, described as 'Leo of Caria' by Cedrenus. See N. Panagiotakis, Λέων ὁ Διάκονος (Athens, 1965), 16-41.
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Eleventh century
| Eustratius:
seal: Laurent 519.
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Between 1025 and 1043
| Anonymus, metropolitan
of Caria involved in a dispute over the bishopric of Tabae with the patriarch,
Alexius Studites: Patr.Reg. 852-855, from G. Ficker, Erlasse des Patriarchen von Konstantinopel AlexiosStudites (Kiel,
1911), Docs.1 and 2.
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1030, May
| John signs a document
condemning Jacobites: Patr.Reg. 839, from Ficker, op.cit., Doc.3.
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1032, April
| Constantine signs a
document: Patr.Reg. 840, from Ficker, op.cit., Doc.4.
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1039, September
| Ignatius signs a synodal
document: Patr.Reg. 846, from Ficker, op.cit., Doc.5.
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Mid-eleventh century
| John; two seals found at
Aphrodisias: Nesbitt 6, cf. also Laurent 518.
Probably later than the John attested in 1030 (so Nesbitt).
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1054, June
| Demetrius signs a
synodal document: Patr.Reg. 869. from Mansi xix. 8l2d.
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1072-1092
| Joseph signs documents:
10 March 1072 (N. Oikonomides, REB 18
(1960), 57); 1079 (J. Gouillard, Byzantion 29-30 (1959-60), 34); 1082 (Patr.Reg. 926, 927); 15 May 1092 (Patr.Reg. 963,
from Rhalles-Potles v.58-9).
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1166-72
| Leo. His signature only
in some MSS of synodal decree of 1166/67 (Patr.Reg. 1075, from Rhalles-Potles
v.32). Present, anonymous, on 24 January 1168 (Patr.Reg. 1077). Responsible for
consecration of a church of St. Nicholas, near Ainos, in Thrace, on 14 July
1072; see the stauropegion cross,
published by W. H. Buckler, BZ 28 (1928),
98-101, as from a find near Ainos, but seen in the monastery church of
Skaliotissa, near Ainos, in the early 1900s by L. Petit, IRAIK 13 (1908), 19: see discussion at VII.26
(I am very grateful to Professor Mango for pointing this out to me.)
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1186, 10 September
| Anonymus, present in
Constantinople (Kais.Reg. 1572).
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1274, 11 March
| Anonymus, signs synodal
letter to Gregory X (Kais.Reg. 2006).
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1278
| Leo signs tome of John
Bekkos (Patr.Reg. 1441).
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Stauropolis
It seems that, as the
post of metropolitan became a nominal one, Caria being no longer under
Byzantine control, the metropolitans reverted to the name 'Stauropolis' instead of 'Caria'.
1356, July-1368, September
| Neophytus, metropolitan
of Bizye, is locum tenens for
metropolitan of Stauropolis: Patr.Reg. 2392, 2434, 2542.
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1369, September
| Mention of a 'bishop elect' of
Stauropolis: Patr.Reg. 2560, 2561.
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1369
| Anonymus, metropolitan
of Stauropolis, granted the metropohitan sees of Miletus and Antioch on the
Maeander, October: Patr.Reg. 2563, from MM i. 258, 511; present at a synod, December Patr.Reg. 2565, from MM i.259, 511.
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1387-1394
| Anonymus, in November
1387 promised the see of Rhodes, Cos, and the Cyclades, after the death of the
present holder, the bishop of Myra Patr.Reg. 2827, from MM II. 398, 106-8). Present at a synod (Patr.Reg. 2829, from MM II. 399, 108-Il). 1393-1394:
confirmed in possession of the see of Rhodes, Cos and the Cyclades, for his
lifetime (Patr.Reg. 2939 from MM II. 451, 197-99).
The correspondence on this matter includes several references to the desperate
state of Caria — see discussion at VII.29.
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1401
| Anonymus, receives a
letter from the patriarch Matthew I Patr.Reg. 3191, from MM ii. 629, 469-472).
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1438-39
| Esaias attends Council
of Ferrara/Florence (Mansi xxxi. 475), but leaves secretly before 5 July 1439, in order to avoid signing
(V. Laurent ed., Mémoires de Sylvestre
Syropoulos (Paris, 1971), iii.23, x.13, cf. xi.2).
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1450
| Theodore attends synod
opposing union with Rome: Mansi xxxiii. 105.
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