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Fasti: Governor | Bishops | Local officials
Governors
I Governors
of Caria and Phrygia.
This list has been
developing steadily over the last 20 years. D. French and C. Roueché published
proposed fasti for the province in 1982: 'Governors of Phrygia and Caria', ZPapEpig 49 (1982), 159-60. C. Roueché
published a revised account in 1989, ALA, 319-21, and another in 1996, Roueché (1996). There are a few additions to be made.
Late 249 — early 250:
| Q. Fabius Clodius Agrippianus Celsinus is attested as clarissimus consularis on a milestone at Dorylaeum: S. Frei-Korsunsky,
'Meilensteine aus der Gegend von Eskisehir', Epigraphica Anatolica 8 (1986), 91-5, whence SEG
46.1195. He is attested simply as egregius
on milestones at Iasos, I.Iasos, 18 ,
whence PLRE I, Clodius Cels(inus),
and at Keramos: E. Varinlioglu and D. H. French, 'Four Milestones from
Ceramus', REA 93 (1991), 123-37, nos.
1 and 2.1, whence SEG 41.939 and 940.
Those at Dorylaeum and Keramos are dated under Decius and Herennia, so between
the accession of Decius in 249 and the declaration of his sons as Caesars in early
250; that at Iasos refers to a single emperor. His full name and titulature
have been found in an honorific inscription, put up by the city of Alia in
Phrygia where he is described as τὸν λαμπρότατον ὑπατικὸν ... ἡγεμόνα Φρυγίας καὶ Καρίας τὸν σωτῆρα τῶν ἔθνων καὶ τῶν πέριξ ἐπαρχείων, τὸν ἀγνὸν καὶ δίκαιον: D. H. French, 'Sites and Inscriptions
from Phrygia, Pisidia and Pamphylia', Epigraphica Anatolica
17 (1991), 57-9 and pl. 10, whence SEG
41.1174. The expression 'saviour of the ethne' in this
context presumably refers to the two ethne
which he governed, the Phrygians and the Carians and is not entirely without
parallel (compare Asclepiodotus, in text 7 and the anonymous in text 14); but the reference to neighbouring
provinces is extremely unusual — see Reynolds (1994).
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255.
| M. Aurelius Diogenes, clarissimus,
was honoured at Aphrodisias as πρεσβευτὴς
Σεβαστῶν ἀντιστράτηγος and
ἡγέμων (5 and 6) under Valerian and Gallienus, so at
some time between 253-260. He was also named as πρεσβευτὴς καὶ ἀντιστράτηγος τῶν Σεβαστῶν on a milestone at Keramos, dateable to 255: E.
Varinlioglu and D. H. French, 'Four Milestones from Ceramus', REA 93 (1991), 123-37, 2.2, whence SEG 41.940; and, as governor under Valerian and Gallienus at Amisos: D. H. French, 'Inscriptions in the museums of Aksehir and Yalvac', Epigraphica Anatolica 29 (1997), 59-65 .These discoveries confirms the
suggestion by M. Christol and T. Drew-Bear that Diogenes was in office before
the establishment of the sons of Gallienus as Caesars, in 256: Christol and Drew-Bear (1982), 35 n.32. He might
therefore have succeeded Celsinus, but there would be room for a governorship
in between.
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250s
| P. Aelius
Septimius Mannus, clarissimus, ὑπατικὸς ἡγέμων, was honoured at Aphrodisias (253) in terms so similar to those used
of Diogenes that their periods of office are likely to have been fairly close.
His nomenclature, particularly the 'Aelius' suggests that he might well be a
member of the royal family of Osrhoene: see F. G. B. Millar, The Roman Near East (Harvard, 1993),
Appendix C. It may be that he was even a son of the last king, Aelius Septimius
Abgar, himself a man of consular rank, for whom some suitably distinguished
post in the Roman administration needed to be found. He might be identified
with a Septimius Mannus, honoured at Selge as proconsul of Lycia-Pamphylia: I.Selge 12 , and Roueché (1996). An inscription has been republished from Laodicea
suggesting that Mannus was honoured there too: Thomas Corsten, I.Laodikeia am Lykos, 46. If Corsten's interpretation of that text
is correct, it should have been inscribed in the early 250s; but see Tullia Ritti, Epigraphica Anatolica 33 (2001), 127-8, suggesting that the man named is Magnus, not Mannus.
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Under plural emperors, and so before 260 or after
283
| Anonymus (name erased) v.c.:
Honoured at Hierapolis as ὑπατικὸς
ἡγέμων (IGR IV.814) and at Laodicaea as πρεσβευτὴς καὶ ἀντιστράτηγος τῶν
Σεβαστῶν (I.Laodikeia am Lykos 39, with T.
Corsten's commentary there). I argued before that this man should be dated
before 260, against A. H. M. Jones' suggestion that he had held office under
the sons of Constantine. But a date under Carus might be considered, since the damnatio of Carus might perhaps have
been a reason for the erasure of the name, as that of of an official associated
with him.
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| Iulius Iulianus, v.e.,
procurator and acting governor under plural emperors: regulating border dispute
near Pinarbasi in Phrygia: see Christol and Drew-Bear. The
stone has been further studied by D. H. French, who points out that it was
found still demarcating the boundary between two villages: D. H. French, 'Sites
and Inscriptions from Phrygia, Pisidia and Pamphylia', Epigraphica Anatolica 17 (1991), 57, and plate 9. It is tempting to associate his
assumption of office with the perhaps sudden departure of the anonymus
governor. Christol and Drew-Bear suggest that a date in the early part of the
history of the joint province would better suit the titulature of the
functionary responsible for the stone.
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260- 282
| Aurelius Maximus, under a single emperor: This inscription is on
the same milestone at Tekin, Phrygia as the next inscription, of Asclepiodotus
which is later; so it must be dated after 260 and before 282: D. H. French,
'Milestones of Pontus, Galatia, Phrygia and Lycia', ZPapEpig 43 (1981), 149-74, 172 no.15.ii, whence SEG 41.1101.
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282-283
| Asclepiodotus v.p., praeses, was
responsible for a milestone at the village of Tekin, Phrygia, on the road from
Apamea to Laodicaea, under Carus, Carinus and Numerian: τοῖς κυρίοις ἡμῶν Κάρῳ καὶ
Καρείνῳ φὲ Νομεριανῷ, ἡγενονεὺοντος τοῦ διασημοτάτου Ἀασκληπιοδότου: D. H. French, 'Milestones of Pontus,
Galatia, Phrygia and Lycia', ZPapEpig 43
(1981), 149-74, 172 no.15.iii, whence SEG
41.1101.
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| David French and I have
argued ('Governors of Phrygia and Caria', ZPapEpig
49 (1982), 159-60) that he should be identified with
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| T. Oppius Aelianus Asclepiodotus, v.c., PIR2 O 0115, honoured at Aphrodisias, his native city,
(τὸν λαμπρότατον ὑπατικὸν
ἡγεμόνα Καρίας καὶ Φρυγίας, text 7); if the two
inscriptions refer to the same man he was in office in 282/3, presumably being
upgraded from equestrian to senatorial rank while he held office. But M.
Christol questions this identification, although he does not rule it out
completely. If he is right, T. Oppius Aelianus Asclepiodotus may have been
governor at any time from the mid-250s: Christol, Carrières, 219-21. It is perhaps worth observing that he is honoured as
'saviour also of his homeland', which perhaps conveys an echo of the
terminology used of Celsinus (Celsinus).
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? After 282
| L. Castrius Constans, v.c. ,PLRE I, Constans I. He is mentioned
on the tombstone of a member of the governor's officium found at Eumeneia, in Phrygia, simply as ἡγέμων, suggesting that his authority extended over that
area: IGR IV.731. He was also
responsible for a milestone at Heraclea Salbake in Caria (on which he is
described as ὑπατικὸς ἡγέμων) which has been dated under the tetrarchs: MAMA 6, 94; see Roueché
(1981), 111. David French, who has examined the stone, kindly
informs me that he appears to be governor under only two emperors, without any
mention of Caesars, so perhaps under Diocletian and Maximian (286-93) or even
earlier. The soldier who served under him and was buried at Eumeneia, in a tomb
provided by a friend, was called Aurelius Mannus. It is tempting to suggest
that he had come to serve on the staff of the provincial governor under his
namesake, P. Aelius Septimius Mannus (Mannus)
who might also have been a compatriot, and had stayed on: such a supposition
might suggest an earlier date for Castrius Constans — perhaps under Valerian
and Gallienus.
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286-305
| Priscus, v.c.: Dedication
to Maximian, at Docimium: CIL
III.141912, with Roueché (1981), 110.
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| Priscus is the latest
dateable governor of the joint province with senatorial rank.
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Equestrian Governors
| Iu[ . . ., v.p. :
responsible for a dedication to Maximian, at Dorylaeum; perhaps a governor of
Phrygia: IGR IV.523, whence PLRE I, Priscus 1, suggesting that he
was a proconsul of Asia; but for Martindale's revised suggestion see Roueché (1981), 111.
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301
| Tiberius Fulvius Asticus, v.p.,
sent an edict, recommending its display, with the copy of the Price Edict which
is inscribed at Aezani in Phrygia; he is attested on milestones at Alabanda,
Mylasa, Halicarnassus, and at Keramos, which is the first inscription to give
his praenomen. Aezani: M. H. Crawford
and J. M. Reynolds, JRS 65 (1975)
160-3, and N. Lewis, 'The Governor's edict at Aezanoi', Hellenika 42 (1991-2), 15-20; Alabanda: CIL III.480, whence PLRE
I, Asticus; Mylasa: I.Mylasa 36;
Halicarnassus: D. H. French, 'Milestones of Pontus, Galatia, Phrygia and
Lycia', ZPapEpig 43 (1981), 149-74, 16.i,
and a second, unpublished, reported by C. Foss; Keramos: E. Varinlioglu and D.
H. French, 'Four Milestones from Ceramus', REA 93 (1991), 123-37, 3.1, whence SEG
41.941.
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Uncertain date
| ? Anicius Asper, v.c.:
Honoured at Laodicaea; see I.Laodikeia am
Lykos 40, and the comments there of T. Corsten. An Asper, probably a provincial
governor, received CJ ix.41, dated 13
May 291: PLRE I, Asper.
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| Fl. Optimus, v.p.:
Honoured at Meirus: JHS 17 (1897),
424 no.22, whence PLRE I, Optimus 2,
with Roueché (1981), 111; perhaps a governor of
Phrygia.
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| Valerius Rinacius. A milestone from Keramos refers to a governor (ἡγέμων) Valerius Rinacius, without indicating his
status, or the date: he might be a governor of the joint province, or simply of
Caria: D. H. French, 'A new milestone from Ceramus', REA 94 (1992), 403-12. The other texts on this face of the stone
refer, one to the first tetrarchy, of Diocletian (293-305), and the other to
the second tetrarchy, of Constantius and Maximian (305-6); it is not clear that
the governor's inscription is connected with either of these.
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II Governors
of Caria
1. Equestrian
praesides, from 301/305 to 359
| The first governor of a
separate province of Caria was appointed before the end of the tetrarchy:
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After 301, before May 305
| Aurelius Marcellus, v.p, praes. prov. Cariae, makes a dedication
to the tetrarchs at Halicarnassus: ILS
635; PLRE I, Marcellus 9.
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| Another
equestrian praeses of Caria is now attested:
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317
| Firminianus, v.p., on a milestone at Keramos: E.
Varinlioglu and D. H. French, 'Four Milestones from Ceramus', REA 93 (1991), 123-37, 3.1, whence SEG 41.941.
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c. 359
| Fl.
Quintus Eros Monaxius,
v.p., builds the west gate at
Aphrodisias (19, whence PLRE I, Monaxius); see discussion at III.5.
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Uncertain date
| Helladius undertakes restoration work at
Aphrodisias (16, 17, 18); identified
as Helladius Ioannes 3, PLRE I; see
discussion at II.35.
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2. Senatorial praesides, from 361 to the late fifth
century
361-364
| Antonius
Tatianus active at
Aphrodisias (20 and 21) and ?Miletus (Milet VI.1, 339, 340, whence PLRE
I, Tatianus 2; see the comments of Herrmann. See discussion at III.13.
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?360s
| Fl.
Constantius builds
north-east gate at Aphrodisias (22,
whence PLRE I, Constantius 6) and
lays a mosaic in the Basilica (235);
see discussion at III.16.
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388-392
| Antonius
Priscus active at
Aphrodisias: 25, 26, 27, whence PLRE I, Priscus 6, and 28; see discussion at III.30.
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Uncertain
date, in the later fourth century
| Oecumenius, honoured at Aphrodisias: 31, and discussion at III.33; for his statue, see Smith (2002).
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| Fl.
Pelagius Ioannes
active at Aphrodisias: 29, whence PLRE I, Ioannes 4, and discussion at III.32.
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| ?Alexander,
honoured at Aphrodisias: 32, and
discussion at III.35.
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405-414
| Beronicianus, responsible for honours to the PPO Anthemius at Aphrodisias: 36, and discussion at IV.5. A Beronicianus was governor of the Thebaid in
roughly this period (PLRE I, Fl.
Leontius Beronicianus).
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427-29
| Fl.
Baralach, active at
Mylasa, I.Mylasa I.612 , whence PLRE II, Baralach; see discussion at IV.2.
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First half of fifth century
| Tatianus, restores statue of his ?grandfather
at Aphrodisias: 37, whence PLRE II, Tatianus 1, and see discussion
at IV.10.
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?Middle to late fifth century
| Dulcitius, active at Aphrodisias: 39, 40, 41, and discussion at IV.24.
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| ?Ioannes:
45, and discussion at IV.35.
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?480s
| ?Adrastus: 'the judge Adrastus concerned himself with the matter: he
was a Christian — ἀνὴρ
φιλόχριστος — who was the scholasticus, σχολαστικός — of the region'. Adrastus obtained an
official document of the scandal involving Asclepiodotus and his baby from the
prefect of Egypt: Zacharias 35-7, probably before 489. Not necessarily a
governor: see discussion at V.17.
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3. Consulares of Caria, from the later fifth century, perhaps after 491
491-518
| Fl.
Ioannes, v.magn. comes et consularis: milestone
at Halicarnassus, ὁ
Κκόμης καὶ ὑπατικός, IGC 236, republished as new by G. Bean and
J. Cook, BSA 50 (1955), 106. no. 33,
and recognized by J. and L. Robert, BE
1958.443, whence SEG 1959.665; another at Beypinar, ὁ μεγαλοπρεπέστατος κόμης καὶ ὑατικός SEG
1959.694, whence PLRE II, Ioannes 94
(wrongly assuming three separate texts).
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518
| Procopius, v.
spect., comes et consularis: milestone from Bargylia dated under Justin I, and more precisely to 518: SEG 52.991 and 55.1509, with D. Feissel, BE 1998.647.
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Before 536
| Fl.
Palmatus, v.
spect.,., consularis, acting vicar, honoured at Aphrodisias: 62, 63, whence PLRE II,
Palmatus 2; see discussion at V.33.
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536
| Fl.
Marian[us . . . . . . I]oannes Patricius, active at Miletus: IGC 220bis, whence PLRE III, Ioannes 21 and 22; see now
text as revised by D. Feissel, TM 9 (1985), 403.
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538
| Nonnus, v.
magn., comes et consularis, attested during the third year of his
governorship in 538 in an inscription marking the restoration of the gate of
the fortress at Miletus: Milet VI 1,
206, whence PLRE III, Nonnus 1.
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Under Justinian
| ?Papius: Addressee of Justinian's Novel 160, about the finances of
Aphrodisias, whence PLRE III, Papius;
see discussion at VI.3.
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Uncertain date
| Vitianus, v.c.,
scholasticus et consularis, honoured at Aphrodisias (65) and with an epigram at Miletus (published by H. Philipp, IstMitt. 29 (1979), 199 — 203, and
republished, in the light of subsequent comments, in IstMitt 31 (1981), 181 — 9, whence
SEG 41.979); see discussion at V.38.
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Very uncertain date
| Eutheius, honoured at Stratonicea in terms
appropriate to a governor:LBW 524.
now republished as I.Stratonikeia 1018.
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| Anon, who dealt with civil strife, honoured at Aphrodisias: 64 and see discussion at V.37.
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Ninth century
| Arsaber, dioicetes
of Stauropolis; attested on seals as Ἀρσαβὶρ διοικητῇ Σταυρουπόλεως, PBE I, Arsaber 4.
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Fasti: Governor | Bishops | Local officials
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